| Properties | Details |
|---|---|
| SFDA Classification | Class IIb |
| Purpose of Use | It is a diagnostic device that detects and monitors the electrical activity of the brain via electrodes placed on the scalp. It is used in the case of epilepsy, encephalitis, brain tumors, head injuries, coma, …etc |
| Work Location & End-User | Work Location: Either in a neurology laboratory or a separate room in the hospital wards. End User: A trained nurse, technician, or clinical neurophysiologist is qualified to operate and connect an EEG machine. But reading and analyzing the chart should be done by a neurologist, neurosurgeon, family doctor, or internist. |
| Parts & Accessories | 1. 8 to 32 Channel EEG Recording Machine: - Amplifiers and filters. Sensor montage selector: arranges an array of channels by sensors in a logical order. Thus, it gives different information from the same data available from the sensors. There are many different montages such as sequential, reference, modifier, and laplacian montages. - Signal converter from analog to digital. Wave grapher. 2. 21 sensors of a silver plate or conductive metal bridge (usually of the silver/silver chloride type) make up the channels. Each sensor carries a special symbol indicating its location in the head. The sensors can be in a strap or a headband. The sensors may be in the form of needles that are inserted into the head. 3. Conductive gel or paste. 4. Elastic head cover. 'Accessories: Printing unit.  |
| Operation | 1. Cortical pyramidal neurons transmit tiny electrical charges, which are picked up by sensors. 2. The signals are sent to the EEG recording machine through the connected wires 3. In the recording machine, the sensor montage selector chooses the way channels are arranged in an array by controlling the way the sensors operate. Various montages enable the precise location of electrical activity in the brain (in any lobe and anywhere in the lobe). 4. The signal is then transmitted to a filtering and amplification system to purify it from unwanted frequencies and amplify it from 10 microvolts to a size from which information can be extracted with a higher clarity. 5. The analog to digital signal converter allows measurements of the signal and information extraction. 6. Finally, with the help of the oscilloscope, the final result is shown in the display screen. Having a writing/printing unit prints the result on paper as needed. |
| Common Problems | 1. If the layout is weak or garbled, calibrate the device and double-check the layout. If there is no calibration problem, the problem may be with the connection of the sensors. If there is no problem, it is most likely that the fault is from inside the taping machine and should be checked by an engineer. 2. If the machine is working but some channels are missing in the layout, it is usually caused by ink or drawing pen. Check the ink tank and fill it to the specified mark if empty. If the ink feed tubes are clogged, remove them and clean them well with warm water with a thin wire if needed. Be careful while cleaning the tubes from damage. If the stylus is warped, gently adjust it so that it touches the print paper. 3. If the layout is spotty, make sure that the print sheets are placed correctly. The problem may be from the tip of the drawing stylus. Replace the pen with a healthy one. |
| Manufacturers | • Nihon Kohden • Neuroscan. • Brain Products. • Biosemi. • Electrical Geodesic Incorporated (EGI). • Emotiv |
| Sources | • Saudi Food and Drug Authority • Johns Hopkins Medicine • PubMed • ACNS American Clinical • Emotive • King Saud University • imotions |
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